Radiation therapy, which uses intense energy beams to kill
cancer cells, is a very common treatment for cancer. There are different types
of radiation, but the most common type is X-rays. Radiation is also useful for
preventing cancer from returning, or stopping or slowing its growth. The
radiation breaks up DNA inside cancer cells, preventing them from growing and
dividing. While the radiation is primarily focused on the tumor being treated,
radiation can be dosed to other parts of the body. The radiation then affects
normal cells, but they are usually able to repair themselves and continue
working. This is still problematic though because the healthy area damaged by
the radiation could exhibit symptoms later on.
Proton therapy is a different, yet similar form of radiation
therapy. It still uses radiation, but uses protons instead of X-rays to attack
cancer cells. A large machine called a synchrotron or cyclotron speeds up
protons, which are then pointed toward the body. This gives the right amount of
radiation to the tumor and ensures the surrounding tissue does not get as much
radiation. The surrounding tissue could end up receiving 60 percent less
radiation, while the tumor itself receives more radiation compared to the
typical radiation treatment that uses X-rays.
Proton therapy is not normally used for mesothelioma, but it
could be a useful and widely used treatment for the disease. Currently
radiation therapy is used for palliative care, which reduces a patient’s
symptoms. In a study looking at radiation therapy, 29 treatments were given to
17 patients, with four out of 6 being treated seeing symptom relief. Proton
beam therapy also could be good for mesothelioma patients because the dose of
radiation can be very targeted. With regular radiation treatments, the majority
of the radiation hits just under the skin, but with proton therapy, the
strongest dose goes to the end of the proton beam’s range, which would be the
mesothelioma tumor. The proximity of mesothelioma tumors to the lungs, heart,
liver, kidneys, and spinal cord also makes it hard for radiation to be
effective. Proton therapy fixes this and prevents the radiation from going to
the adjacent organs. The radiation is able to go to the specific area and hit
the tumor with the highest levels possible.
Radiation therapy increases the survival time of patients
with mesothelioma and alleviates their symptoms. Proton therapy, a specific type
of radiation, could help these patients while preventing other organs from
being hit with radiation as well. With different medical advancements like
proton therapy, there is hope for mesothelioma sufferers. New treatments can
extend people’s lives while also improving their quality of life.
Sources:
“Proton Therapy” ASCO Cancer.net [Link]
“Radiation therapy” Mayo Clinic [Link]
“Radiation Therapy Basics” American Cancer Society [Link]
Shahed N. Badiyan, “Proton beam therapy for malignant
pleural mesothelioma” Translational Lung Cancer Research (April 2018). [Link]